hypoxia-inducible factor in the cardivascular system
| PAG Title | hypoxia-inducible factor in the cardivascular system |
| PAG ID | WAG000002 |
| Type | P |
| Source Link |  BioCarta |
| Publication Reference | NA |
| PAG Description | Hypoxia (or low O2 levels) affects various pathologies. First, tissue ischemia, a variation in O2 tension caused by hypoxia/reoxygetion, can lead to endothelial cell changes. For example, long periods of ischemia result in endothelial changes, such as vascular leakage, resulting in varicose veins. In more severe situations, ischemia can lead to myocardial or cerebral infarction and retil vessel occlusion. Of interest, HIF-1 is stabilized prior to induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression during acute ischemia in the human heart. Second, pulmory hypertension associated with chronic respiratory disorders results from persistent vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Third, hypoxic gradients created in enlarging solid tumors trigger expression of genes containing hypoxia response element (HRE)s such as those involved in angiogenesis. This allows subsequent delivery of O2, nutrients, and further tumor growth. Vascular remodeling is an important component to tumorigenesis; without proper blood supply, delivery of oxygen may occur by diffusion, but becomes inefficient in tumors greater than 1 mm in diameter. Short-term hypoxia can also elevate platelet numbers, while prolonged exposure may cause some degree of thrombocytopenia in response to increased levels of erythropoetin (EPO). Another disorder involving idequate responses to hypoxia is preeclampsia, a pathology of pregncy thought to be caused by improper differentiation of placental trophoblast cells due to poorly controlled O2 tension or improper hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated responses. |
| Species | Homo sapiens |
| nCoCo Score | 2,160 |
| Base PAG ID | WAG000002 |
| Human Phenotyte Annotation | |
| Curator | PAGER curation team |
| Curator Contact | PAGER-contact@googlegroups.com |
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